IGMP, MARS, PIP, RIP, RSVP, VRRP

| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |

Internet Group Management Protocol - is used by IP hosts to report their host group memberships to any immediately neighboring multicast routers. IGMP is a integral part of IP. It must be implemented by all hosts conforming to level 2 of the IP multicasting specification. IGMP messages are encapsulated in IP datagrams, with an IP protocol number of 2.Version 3 of IGMP adds support for source filtering. This indicates the ability for a system to report interest in receiving packets;only from specific source addresses, or from all but specific source addresses, sent to a particular multicast address.

8	16	32
Type	Maximum response time	Checksum
Group address
Structure of the IGMP header in 32 bit lines.

IGMP Version Membership Report messages have the following format:

8	16	32
Type	Reserved	Checksum
Reserved		Number of group record
Group record
Group record
Group record
Group record
Structure of the IGMP messages in 32 bit lines.

MARS

Multicast Address Resolution Server - Multicasting is the process whereby a source host or protocol entity sends a packet to multiple destinations simultaneously using a single, local 'transmit' operation. ATM is being utilized as a new link layer technology to support a variety of protocols, including IP.

Address family (2 Bytes)

Protocol identification (7 Bytes)
:
:

Reserved (3 Bytes)
:

Checksum (2 Bytes)

Extensions offset (2 Bytes)

Operation code (2 Bytes)

Type and length of source ATM number (1 Byte)

Type and length of source ATM subaddress (1 Byte)

Structure of the MARS header in 8 bit lines.

PIM

Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) - is a protocol for efficiently routing to multicast groups that may span wide-area (and inter-domain) internets. The protocol is not dependent on any particular unicast routing protocol, and is designed to support sparse groups.

8	16	24	32
PIM version	Type	Reserved	Checksum
Structure of the PIM header in 32 bit line.

RIP2

Routing Information Protocol - is used by Berkeley 4BSD UNIX systems to exchange routing information. Implemented by a UNIX program, RIP2 derives from an earlier protocol of the same name developed by Xerox. RIP2 is an extension of the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) intended to expand the amount of useful information carried in the RIP2 messages and to add a measure of security.

8	16	32
Command	Version	Unused
Address family identifier		Route tag (only for RIP2; 0 for RIP)
IP address
Subnet mask (only for RIP2; 0 for RIP)
Next hop (only for RIP2; 0 for RIP)
Metric
Structure of the RIP2 header in 32 bit lines.

RIPng for IPv6

Routing Information Protocol version 6 - RIPng for IPv6 is a routing protocol for the IPv6 Internet. It is based on protocols and algorithms used extensively in the IPv4 Internet.

8	16	32
Command (1 Byte)	Version (1 Byte)	0 .... (2 Bytes)
Route table entry 1 (20 Bytes)
:
Route table entry N (20 Bytes)
Structure of the RIPng header in 32 bit lines.

RSVP

Resource ReSerVation setup Protocol - Designed for an integrated services Internet. It is used by a host on behalf of an application data stream to request a specific quality of service from the network for particular data streams or flows. It is also used by routers to deliver QoS control requests to all nodes.

4	8	16	32
Ver	Flags	Message type	RSVP checksum
Send TTL		(Reserved)	RSVP length
Structure of the RSVP header in 32 bit lines.

VRRP

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol - Specifies an election protocol that dynamically assigns responsibility for a virtual router to one of the VRRP routers on a LAN. The VRRP router controlling the IP address(es) associated with a virtual router is called the Master, and forwards packets sent to these IP addresses. The election process provides dynamic fail over in the forwarding responsibility should the Master become unavailable. This allows any of the virtual router IP addresses on the LAN to be used as the default first hop router by end-hosts. The advantage gained from using VRRP is a higher availability default path without requiring configuration of dynamic routing or router discovery protocols on every end-host. This protocol is intended for use with IPv4 routers only. VRRP packets are sent encapsulated in IP packets.

8	16	24	28	32
Version	Type	Virtual Rtr ID	Priority	Count IP Addresss
Auth Type		Advet Int	Checksum
IP Address (1)
:
IP Address (N)
Authentication Data (1)
Authentication Data (2)
Structure of the VRRP packet in 32 bit lines.

| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |