h.) Most important keyboard shortcuts

Successfully use a computer is to know timely use a mouse, a key or a combination of them. Work in a graphical environment has greatly facilitated when using abbreviations, a combination of keys - (keyboard shortcut) instead of meditating on uninterrupted through the menus.

Basic rules of how to use key combinations are:

• <T1> + <T2>
  Press <T1>, keep it down and then press <T2>
• <T1> , <T2>
  Press <T1>, then release it and press <T2>

It is almost customary to no longer use the signs of inequality in the descriptions, but the combination just labeled as T1 + T2 and the like.

Peculiarities PC keyboard for DOS and Windows OS immediately when switching computers are:

• <F5>
  Holding this key OS bypasses the execution start files (AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS). Useful if you use it when you turn on the computer 'stuck' to be determined whether there is any mistake in loading additional definition system.
  Then usually not part of the program support and some devices like:
  • Set system variable.
  • Controls to define additional devices such as CD-ROM, mouse, musical or network card.
  • Controls to define the graphics card and support local peculiarities (Croatia letters, etc.).
  • Controls for defining (mapping) of the memory area.
• <F8>
  Advanced launch control system, which among other things provides:
  • Executing start files step-by-step with a certificate for each action, and thus control the accuracy of any of their settings.
  • Selection of different modes (configuration) of the executing OS.

These promotions are not recommended for inexperienced users.

Peculiarities of the keyboard in their daily work are:

• <^T1>
  This symbol stands for a combination <CTRL> + <T1>
• <T1>
  This symbol stands for a combination <ALT> + <T1> (left ALT key on your keyboard). It generally refers to the UNDERLINED letter (Figure 4.4.1) in the name of the active menu and follow the corresponding action to the menu if a combination use.
• <ALT> + <number from 32 to 255>
  Pressing and holding the LEFT button ALT and typing in the number on the numeric keypad (NUM LOCK must be turned on), by releasing the button <ALT> will get the character from the currently selected CODE PAGE table that is not located on the keyboard.
  • For example, to mark the 128th in print will be € , if the code tables complemented with graphemes EURO currency.
  • Depending on the type of application and the OS, instead of 128 (DOS) to type the number 0128 (Windows).
  • In the Windows OS using WINGDINGS set code tables in your documents, you can insert a variety of useful or funny little scribbles (icons).
• <ALT Gr> + <additional sign with letters>
  Newer keyboards have the option of choosing additional characters on the keyboard as @  (number 64 in the code table) with the letter V and rather than using a combination of previously described (<ALT Gr> + <V>). Thus, the combination of character <ALT Gr> + <E> gets €.

Key combinations of general importance in the Windows environment:

• <F1>
  Call for instruction window for action that is currently used.
• <F3>
  Invites dialogue (windows) to find the term entered in the space provided in the dialogue, which is required under the currently active screen contents. It can be used in the upcoming content for locating the registered term.
• <F5>
  Refreshing the display file contents or any other display on the screen about updating due to changes executed during the current transition to another application or process where changes are made.
• <ALT> + <F4>
  Close active application (primary process) to the question about saving all open files within the application-window (secondary processes).
• <ALT> + <TAB>
  Moving from one application to the next active (primary processes). When it opens a dialogue that further pressing <TAB> to hold <ALT> key, allows the selection of which will be more active applications (primary processes) to access and set the foreground.
  By releasing the <ALT> key, access to the application selected in the available dialogue.
• <ALT> + <ESC>
  Changes to the open windows of active applications (primary processes) without dialogue choice in the order of activation of individual applications. Action usually refers only to the most recently used two primary processes.
• <CTRL> + <F6>
  Changes to open windows within the application itself (secondary processes) without dialogue choice in order of opening of individual processes within the application.
  
  
• Operations with caches (clipboard) regarding the rapid changes of the data:
  
  
  • <CTRL> + <A>
    Allows you to mark (select-blacken) the contents of a window that is currently active.
  • <CTRL> + <C>
    Lets be marked (selected-blackened) content copied (copy) without deleting of selected. Copying new content caching previous content is cleared.
  • <CTRL> + <X>
    Lets be marked (selected-blackened) content transferred (cut) with a deletion of selected. Copying new content caching previous content is cleared.
  • <CTRL> + <V>
    On the position of the cursor, not the mouse cursor, insert (paste) content caching without deleting its content in cache, and provides multiple insertion of same.
  • <CTRL> + <Z>
    In case of wrong acts performed in the transmission or inserting data cache out of it back (undo) the previous known state before the changes, one or more of them depending on the grant program, without affecting the contents of caches.
  • <CTRL> + <Y>
    Opposite of the previous procedure, returns the contents of caching reverse order compared to the action that produced the previous combination, then returns the last inserted state.
    

  NOTE: This set of keys deployed in the lower left of the keyboard, near the <CTRL> key for easier accessibility. It is necessary to emphasize that the use of caching can not copy the contents greater than the capacity that currently occupies the cache because it is part of the of free RAM of computer memory. For example, in this way can not be copied 5 GB file at the system that has 4 GB of working memory. Then you have to use the method shown in Figures 4.3.8 and 5.4 with two active windows of WE.

• <CTRL> + <S>
  Current storage facilities that are currently processing at the same location from which it is loaded. To store the new location using the command 'SAVE AS'.
• <CTRL> + <ESC>
  
  • In Windows OS 3.xx allows retrieval dialogue with a list of tasks (processes) that your computer uses to select their choice for work or violent disruption.
  • In Windows 95 and newer OS to OS display the main menu on the screen.
• <ALT> + <SHIFT> + <F4>
  A great combination for Windows 3.xx about saving the current screen layout for future initial configuration if the option is automatically saved by leaving the windows is off.
• <CTRL> + <ALT> + <DEL>
  
  • In DOS, Windows 3.xx OS does a hot reboot. The computer is currently 'off' and moving again as if it is off.
  • In Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT, Windows XP and later Windows operating systems initiates a process control task with the possibility of a violent interruption, downtime, or a new user if the option is present.
    Regarding preferences window 'stupefying' very useful combination.
• <Windows> + <E>
  A combination that allows you to run computer programs 'Windows Explorer' - file manager. It is very useful to use as shown in Figure 4.3.9. Button <Windows> have almost all the newer keyboards although not in the description of a standard.
• <Windows> + <L>
  Combination that gives you instant access to lock user computing environment without stopping any active process, as is the case with logout (log-off). Unlocking is done by entering passwords in the form. A very useful feature of when they must leave the job and does not want to allow anyone access to the current activities on the computer.
• <Windows> + <R>
  Key combination that activates a separate window with a form for entering text by the name of the command that is part of a computer program support services (System Configuration Utility) or a program that does not have an icon made for his calling. If a command or program that is to be activated is not in the default path written in the variables louse called 'Path', you must type the full path to it according to the rules for the specification file.
• <Windows> + <X>
  Combination specific for 'Windows 10' operating system to retrieve WinX menu.
• <Windows> + <Tab>
  Combination specific for 'Windows 10' operating system to retrieve Multiple Desktops.
• <Windows> + <A>
  Combination specific for 'Windows 10' operating system to retrieve Notifications.
• <Windows> + <D>
  The combination of specific 'Windows 10' operating system to minimize all open windows with regard to reach the Desktop and vice versa.

INDICATION:

Unlike DOS, Windows 3.xx OS PC shutdown does not mean disorder of system parameters since they are the default initialization file that is immediately updated with any changes to the Windows 95 OS and subsequent changes are recorded in 'lowering-SHUTDOWN' system, and therefore it is important to get a computer with such a violent OS not extinguished until procedures 'lowering' of not having an on-screen 'IT'S SAFE NOW ...' that it should not do, or will it be automatically done for the newer systems when OS finds that it was possible.